AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

• Concept of indigenous knowledge, • Understanding what indigenous knowledge is and its significance for rural development • Indigenous knowledge and extension delivery • Development of indigenous knowledge, • Examples of application of indigenous knowledge • Merit, problems/challenges of utilization, • Problems with diffusion and adoption, • Potential for using indigenous knowledge in research and the development of improved technology • Compilation of indigenous knowledge in the Nigerian society.

 Introduction of course Overview Concept of Extension  Records  Purpose of Extension Records  Types and classification of Extension Records  Social stratification and Social Mobility  Characters of Records  Approaches to the procurement of extension records  Record Keepers’ characteristics  Constraints in Record keeping  Expenditure and Income Records  Special and Supplementary Records  Net worth and income statement of mixed farm  REVISION

 Introduction and Course Overview.  Importance and structure of an extension report  Types or classes of extension report  Concept of Report Writing  Content of Research Report  Prerequisites for Good Research Reporting  Report writing processes  Analysis of case reports  News gathering techniques  Mechanics and techniques of writing agricultural news stories for media  News evaluation and copy editing.  Practical Session: News Gathering/ Reporting  REVISION

The students of Agricultural Extension and Communication Technology will be able to know and familiarize themselves with the meaning of Extension Training, the importance of Extension Training in Agricultural Development and drawing out the objectives of the different categories of Extension Personnel. The importance of need assessment in Training Programmes will be emphasized while the various methods of need assessment and Extension Training will be looked into. The various farmers Training Programmes will be taught and the students will have a good understanding of curriculum development processes, Course Organization and Evaluation of Training Programmes and its application.

The students of Agricultural Economics & Extension will be able to know and familiarize themselves with the historical development of Extension in Nigeria – the various organization models adopted up to date and emerging models; Principles of management, administration and supervision; roles and responsibilities of various levels of extension and other relevant staff; Principles of morale and motivation and implications for extension administration and supervision; Handling a personnel matters – staff development and promotion and Creating conducive working environment; disciplines, etc. This will also give the students the opportunity to suggest various ways of improving extension services in Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Definition of Concepts - Qualities of an Entrepreneur - Functions of an Entrepreneur - History of Entrepreneurial development in Nigeria Small Scale Enterprises’’ (SME) - Nature of SME - Characteristics of SME - Roles of SME in the Nigerian Economy - Challenges faced by SME in Nigeria FINANCING SMALL SCALE ENTREPRISES IN NIGERIA - Sources of fund for business financing in Nigeria - Financial planning - Tools for financial planning - Cooperatives Budgets and Budgeting control - Benefits of Budgeting - Limitations of Budgeting MARKETING - Definition of concepts - Types of markets - Functions of markets - Problems of marketing in Nigeria and solutions HIGHLIGHTS OF OPPORTUNITIES IN SME IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR - POULTRY FARMING - Fish Farming - Crop production- arable and permanent crops - Small ruminants - Cattle rearing - Snail rearing - Bee- keeping HIGHLIGHTS OF OPPORTUNITIES IN SME IN THE AGRO-ALLIED SECTOR - Textile industry - Fruit juice industry - Rubber industry - Animal feed/ milling industry - Confectionaries - Water table factory - Soap industry STRATEGIES FOR STARTING AND MANAGING A NEW VENTURE - Different ways of creating/ generating a new venture - Feasibility report i. Objectives ii. Content iii. Benefits iv. How to conduct a feasibility study v. Typical example of a feasibility report - Tips for managing a new venture SMALL BUSINESS GOING PUBLIC - The concept of going public - Steps involved in going public - Advantages and disadvantages of going public INSURANCE - Definitions - Classification of Insurance - Advantages and disadvantages of Insuring an Enterprise - Typical examples of insurance companies in Nigeria Revision

Social relationship as an analytical unit in Agricultural extension system. Social relationship as an indicator of individuals and groups; innovation process; major theories of behaviour change in agriculture; Social interactions: cooperation; competition, conflict; conflict resolution; acculturation and assimilation. Sources of social and behavioural change in the society. Diffusion and adoption of agricultural innovations. Factors influencing adoption, categories of adopters, stages of adoption.

Introduction and Course Overview History of sociology • The three paths to the definition of sociology • Sociology and other social sciences Rural sociology Urban and rural communities Major concepts in sociology Technological change and society • Social relationship in agric. Extension • Major theories of behaviour change in agriculture • Social system • Characteristics of a social system • Types of social system • Behaviour change • Attitudes and perspectives • Strategies for effective changes in Human behaviour • Concept of Social change • Dimension of change • Types of change • Sources of resistance to change • Factors conducive for change REVISION

This course is designed to introduce students to different areas of poultry business, highlighting the scope, importance, problems and prospects of poultry industry. It traces the origin and breeds of poultry species. The systems of poultry management with emphasis on housing and equipment. Management of chicks, growers, layers, breeders, broilers and some other poultry species like turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl at commercial and semi-commercial levels. The principles of poultry nutrition, record keeping and marketing are covered. Practical ways of establishing a poultry farm - provision of land, housing, equipment, and labour. 

There has been for quite some time a persistent advocacy of the improvement of world nutritional status, especially in developing countries through substantial increase in the intake of protein foods of animal origin. There is therefore the need for this course which presents brief history of meat ( e.g beef, mutton and chevon) industry in Nigeria, standard growing and finishing management practices, housing requirements, feeds and feeding, breeding, herd record keeping and health management of beef cattle, sheep and goats. The course also provides information on marketing and techniques for establishing large beef cattle, sheep and goats ranches.

This course is designed primarily for students in the Department Agricultural Economics and allied courses . However, it also meets the need of students in other fields, as this course enable would be investors to identify various sources of credit for their business. Topics to be covered include ; Role of Agricultural Finance in development, Credit and it`s role in farm production, Credit utilisation, sources of finance, loan acquisition, repayments and credit instrument. Principles of farm accounting, farm planning, budgeting and financial control. Farm records keeping and preparation of financial statements. Profit and loss accounts and balance sheet. The organization of resources and enterprises. Enterprise and resource combinations and control. Types of financial records in agriculture. Role of government in agricultural finance. Role of private sector in agricultural finance. Multilateral and international organizations and agencies and agricultural finance. Case studies of World Bank and International Fund for Agricultural finance.

This course is a first course in agricultural production economics and resource use designed primarily for undergraduate students in agricultural economics discipline. Agricultural production economics is an applied field of economic science that is concerned with the application of the principle of economics to the utilization of economic resources in the farming industry. As an introductory course, the focus is to impart useful skills on the students in order to enhance their skills in the application of quantitative techniques to the analysis of agricultural production problems. Topics to be covered are subdivided into concept of production economics, functional forms, profit maximization in production, mathematical derivation of input – output relationships, resources in agriculture (land, capital and management resources), law of diminishing returns, problems of resources, marginal analysis, concept of an agricultural production, production possibility curve and stages of production.

Crop Preservation, Processing and Storage is a course designed for the students in their fourth year in the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management. It is a course that will expose students to various aspects of how crops and crop products can be protected from the harmful effects of pests. It will also clearly explain the concepts and significance of preservation, processing and storage in food security. This course will also cover areas such as storage losses in crops, storage methods (traditional and modern techniques). Storage pathology and entomology will also be comprehensively covered. The practical aspects will focus on familiarizing students with the pests capable of causing loss to the crops and their products and how to deter them.

Upon successful completion of this course (Seminar) the students will be able to • Write reports and present at meetings, conferences, workshops or symposia • Use power point for paper presentations • Cite and reference other authors’ works